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 Posted: Sun 18:58, 01 Sep 2013 Post subject: Beneficial Effects of Vitamin D on Immunity-spun5 |
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Beneficial Effects of Vitamin D on Immunity
Vitamin D, the Immune System, and Heart Attack and Atherosclerosis
The June 9, 2008 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine published by the American Medical Association presented the finding of Harvard researchers that men who have deficient vitamin D levels have a greater risk of myocardial infarction (heart .
The June 9, 2008 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine published by the American Medical Association presented the finding of Harvard researchers that men who have deficient vitamin D levels have a greater risk of myocardial infarction (heart attack) than men whose blood levels of the vitamin are sufficient.
Edward Giovannucci,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], MD of Harvard School of Public Health and his associates reviewed data from men aged 40 to 75 who participated in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, a prospective cohort investigation designed to evaluate associations between the occurrence of chronic disease and diet among male health care professionals who now have been followed for many years. Blood samples collected from 1993 to 1995 were analyzed for plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD),[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], lipoprotein and triglyceride levels,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and diet and lifestyle factors were determined though the use of questionnaires which were given to each of the participants on study entry. Nine hundred participants without heart disease were matched for age, smoking status,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and time of blood collection with 454 men of similar age (age 40 to 75) who had fatal coronary heart disease or non-fatal heart attack which was diagnosed in the 9 to 11 year period between the time of blood sample collection through January, 2004.
Adjusted analysis of the data found a 2.42 times greater risk of heart attack among subjects with plasma vitamin D levels of 15 nanograms per milliliter or less compared with those whose levels were sufficient at 30 nanograms per milliliter or higher. Even those men whose vitamin D levels fell in an "intermediate range" had a 43 to 60 percent greater risk of heart attack compared to men with sufficient levels. Adjustment for a number of factors, such as family history of heart attack, failed to significantly reduce the association. Vitamin D as an anti-inflammatory agent showing benefit in cardiovascular disease is a possible mechanism of benefit, as cardiovascular disease has been linked in the past to inflammation and inflammatory markers such as C reactive protein, a protein often present when inflammation is present in the body. "If this association is causal, which remains to be established, the amount of vitamin D required for optimal benefit may be much higher than would be provided by current recommendations (200-600 IU per day),[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], especially in those with minimal sun exposure. Thus, the present findings add further support that the current dietary requirements of vitamin D need to be increased to have an effect on circulating 25(OH)D levels substantially large enough for potential health benefits."
Source: [25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Men. Giovannucci,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], et al.]
Vitamin D and All-cause Mortality: This vitamin could help you live longer
Low vitamin D levels have been linked with cancer, diabetes,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and high blood pressure. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a large population-based study, researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine evaluated whether low serum vitamin D levels were associated with mortality in the general population. These researchers studied the association of low vitamin D levels with all-cause mortality,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], cancer,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among 13,331 American adults who were 20 years or older. Vitamin D levels of these study participants were collected over a 6-year period (from 1988 through 1994),[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and participants were followed for mortality through the year 2000 (12 years). The researchers found that being older, female, nonwhite, having diabetes, a current smoker, and having a higher body mass index were all independently associated with a greater risk of being vitamin D deficient, while greater physical activity,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], vitamin D supplementation, and evaluating subjects in a non-winter season (greater exposure to sunshine) were all associated with higher levels of vitamin D. Being in the lowest quartile (defined as vitamin D levels less than 17.8 ng/mL) was associated with a 26% increased rate of death from any cause (mortality rate ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08-1.46). The adjusted models of CVD and cancer mortality revealed a higher risk, but it was not statistically significant. Richards and coworkers examined whether vitamin D concentrations could slow the rate of shortening of telomeres on leukocytes (a marker of aging). Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is predictive of the development of numerous aging-related disease, and length of leukocyte telomeres decreases with each cell division and with increased inflammation (more common in the elderly). Researchers measured the concentrations of vitamin D in the blood of 2160 women aged 18-79 years (the mean age of these women was about 49 years) from a large population-based study. This study divided the group into thirds [tertiles] based on vitamin D levels,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and found that increased age was significantly associated with shorter LTL (r = -0.40,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], P
This information was originally posted at: Beneficial Effects of Vitamin D
Dr. Steven Petrosino received his Baccalaureate (BA) degree in both Science and English from Penn State University in 1975, pursued his Masters degree (American Studies) with honors at Penn State in 1977-1978,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and graduated Summa Cum Laude with a Doctorate in Nutrition from Lasalle University in 1995. program at Walden University (Public Health). In 1996-1998 he was involved in external post-doctoral research at the Ohio State University in the Department of Cancer Prevention and Natural Products Research. In 2002,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], he was enrolled in a post-doctoral external course (Immunobiology) at the University of Pennsylvania.
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