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 Posted: Tue 7:43, 13 Aug 2013 Post subject: A tale of two cities and their slums-spun1 |
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An account of two cities as well as their slums
Somewhat,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], being ignorant when visiting a brand new country could be a significant asset. Despite the obvious confusion and, occasionally, shock, the first is in a position to ask questions and bypass the country open-eyed, free of any sort of baggage and to form one own opinions. Thus many of us came to India as part of the Harvard Kennedy School trek and saw ourselves in many less than expected situations. Among them were the tour of Dharavi in Mumbai by having an NGO,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], speaking with homeless people,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], visits to villages in deep Rajasthan as well as underprivileged regions of Delhi and Hyderabad.
What we saw was of course not necessarily fully representative but did give us a glimpse of what it is like to be part of the 75.6% of the Indian population who endures under $2 each day or even the 28,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].6% who live underneath the nationally established poverty line. I'd myself spent quite a long time in touch with urban poverty in Latin America and particularly in Brazil.
While making great efforts to alleviate the challenge of poverty, Brazil still suffers from the kind of impoverishment leading to crime and widespread violence. This occasionally has spectacular outbursts like the police helicopter put down only last October by criminal gangs in Rio but, perhaps more to the point, taints every movement in the life of the citizens of the otherwise wonderful metropolis of Sao Paulo and Rio. More disconcertingly of,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], whenever the subject is brought up, it is just shrugged aside being an unfortunate but inevitable by-product of fast economic growth and poverty meeting wealth. This,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], however,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], appears to be completely at odds with what we saw in India.
To take the example of Mumbai, we walked for several hours around Dharavi, visited several houses and chatted with many of their hard-at-work people. These were extremely peaceful, hospitable and courteous, their profound stares indicating curiosity for the foreigners, that was usually satisfied with the exchange of a few words. This experience is very different from how are you affected within the equivalent areas of Rio and São Paulo. Granted, most people within the favelas of Paradisopolis or Donha Marta are welcoming and interested in the visitor. Yet, one cannot escape a continuing sense of unease because of the latent violence within this parts of the town that is one which spills to all of those other city, which sees armed robbery and murders in the pub on a regular basis. Whereas in Sao Paulo,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], traffic lighting is purely ornamental during the night, no such thing occur in Mumbai, where a young professional female told us she was perfectly happy to find herself alone and tipsy during the night pretty much anywhere in the town.
This welcome characteristic induces an issue within the ignorant foreigner. Why? Why is it that two countries with allegedly similar journeys of fast economic growth, democratic success, chaotic urbanization and ferocious inequality between rich and poor with governments who are actively trying to alleviate poverty have, in the face of it, this type of contrasting shanty town existence? The puzzle reveals:
It was put to me it was something concerning the character from the Indian people: they're more religious,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], more peaceful,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and merely happier. This, however, seems difficult to reconcile using what one actually sees in Rio, looking at the myriad of churches all over, including its favelas. When it comes to happiness and peacefulness,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], well, I would urge people to take another look at the sun-baked volleyball players in Ipanema beach.
Perhaps the abundance of angry, violent people in Rio is driven through the abundance of fire weapons,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], as compared to that in India. This doesn't seem to be factually correct,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but even when it had been,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], it would seems to imply if perhaps they'd received weapons most of the people (specially young men) who smiled at us in Dharavi might have suddenly stood up and begin fighting one another and robbing us. This is a scary but somehow improbable prospect. Because of not only were we ignorant, we were defenceless and no weapon was really necessary to mug us. raising the voice would have been enough -perhaps not even.
My last explanation is usually the scariest of. Is this a society where the 75% of people below who are poor are extremely terrorized or too complacent to actively struggle to have an alternative? This struggle surely takes an unpleasant turn in the situation from the favelas but they seem like the desperate measures of people who have to resort to them since little else provides them with any hope. If anything,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], urban violence has been the biggest wake-up call for Brazilian politicians to bring about real alternation in the form of economic development in the favelas: the mayor of Rio has pledged to integrate and urbanize the favelas completely by the 2016 Olympics. The courteousness of the Indian slum-dweller, while ensuring a safer and maybe easier stay for us Harvard visitors, does not necessarily instill a sense of urgency in the politician in charge of tackling what is a striking situation.
The dwellers of Donha Marta in Rio would probably be unable to know very well what was holding back their counterparts in Mumbai from enforcing a ruthless social justice. As I suppose the children as well as their families living on the streets of Mumbai near a train station and cheerfully telling us that that was their home and that they would not want to leave it, neither could I.
Carlos Lastra-Anadon is really a Master in public places Policy Candidate in the Harvard Kennedy School, where he is concentrating on social entrepreneurship in the field of education. Just before he worked as a consultant with McKinsey and Company in Europe, Latin America and also the Middle East with private sector clients and with governments and government agencies on economic development issues and on education. He holds a Master degree in Mathematics and Philosophy from the University of Oxford, UK. He is a Spanish national.
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